RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Out of control: profit-seeking behaviour, unnecessary medical procedures and rising costs of private medical care in South Africa JF BMJ Global Health FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd SP e000013 DO 10.1136/bmjgh-2015-000013 VO 1 IS 1 A1 Shakira Choonara A1 John Eyles YR 2016 UL http://gh.bmj.com/content/1/1/e000013.abstract AB The World Health Assembly passed a resolution on the importance of engaging with the private health sector. However, the reality is that universal health coverage aspirations are particularly challenging when there is a significant private health sector. This sector in South Africa suffers from rapidly increasing costs, inflation and volume of services (unnecessary medical tests or treatments). This commentary draws on the international literature, particularly the Japanese model of healthcare, to illustrate that it is necessary and possible to curtail costs and volume in the private sector in South Africa, and possibly in other low-income and middle-income settings.