Variations in kidney care worldwide by World Bank income groups (adapted from ISN Global Kidney Health Atlas5)
| Low-income (%) | Low-middle-income (%) | Upper-middle-income (%) | High-income (%) | |
| Access to serum creatinine and eGFR in primary care | – | 18 | 40 | 68 |
| Access to quantitative urinalysis in primary care | – | 32 | 43 | 71 |
| Governmental recognition of CKD as a health priority | 59 | 50 | 17 | 29 |
| Government funds all aspects of CKD care | 13 | 21 | 40 | 53 |
| Availability of CKD management and referral guidelines (international, national or regional) | 46 | 73 | 83 | 97 |
| Existence of current CKD detection programmes | 6 | 24 | 24 | 32 |
| Availability of dialysis registries | 24 | 48 | 72 | 89 |
| Availability of academic centres for renal clinical trial management | 12 | 34 | 62 | 63 |
CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ISN, International Society of Nephrology.