Table 3

Fully adjusted associations between social capital variables and hypertension detection, treatment and control (among all hypertensive participants) by country income group, ordinary least-square estimates from model specification including individual controls †, community controls ‡ and community fixed effects

Dimension of social capital	Hypertension detection		Hypertension treatment		Hypertension control
Dimension of social capital	HIC and UMIC	LMIC and LIC	HIC and UMIC	LMIC and LIC	HIC and UMIC	LMIC and LIC
Membership
Coefficient	0.012	0.029*	0.008	0.028*	0.002	0.027**
SE	0.008	0.013	0.007	0.013	0.005	0.010
Number of individuals	22 381	10 467	22 381	10 467	22 381	10 467
R²	0.104	0.087	0.123	0.093	0.026	0.019
P value for difference in coefficients §	0.2631		0.1754		0.0203
Trust in people
Coefficient	0.004	−0.002	0.004	0.000	0.003	0.001
SE	0.008	0.009	0.007	0.008	0.006	0.004
Number of individuals	22 372	23 784	22 372	23 784	22 372	23 784
R²	0.103	0.058	0.123	0.062	0.026	0.012
P value for difference in coefficients §	0.6441		0.6927		0.7561
Trust in organisations
Coefficient	0.011	0.039	−0.002	0.000	0.008	0.011
SE	0.010	0.023	0.010	0.024	0.007	0.018
Number of individuals	22 222	23 756	22 222	23 756	22 222	23 756
R²	0.104	0.058	0.124	0.062	0.026	0.012
P value for difference in coefficients§	0.2696		0.9419		0.8686

* P<0.05, **P<0.01, when testing hypothesis that coefficient is equal to 0.
†Individual and household controls include sex, age, marital status, dummies for highest level of education obtained, dummies for household wealth quintiles, urban-rural location, current or recent history of tobacco use, alcohol user, diabetes, depression, obesity, pregnancy, recent loss of employment, dummies for country and year of data collection.
‡Community controls include availability of any public health facility, any private health facility, availability of any antihypertensive medications at a retail pharmacy, number of different antihypertensive medication categories available at a retail pharmacy, presence of electric street lighting, presence of any traffic lights and completeness of paved roads.
§P value from Chow test for the equality of coefficients between HIC and UMIC vs LMIC and LIC groups.
HIC, high-income countries; LIC, low-income countries; LMIC, lower-middle-income countries; UMIC, upper-middle-income countries.