Summary of the regression analysis using the within-between estimator
| Covariate | Coefficient | P value | 95% CI |
| lnPOP_mean | −0.37 | 0.00 | −0.45 to −0.28 |
| lnPOP_demean | −2.29 | 0.00 | −3.86 to −0.72 |
| lnGDPpc_mean | −0.26 | 0.02 | −0.49 to −0.04 |
| lnGDPpc_demean | −0.21 | 0.29 | −0.60 to 0.18 |
| lnDALYR_mean | −0.23 | 0.53 | −0.96 to 0.49 |
| lnDALYR_demean | −0.03 | 0.97 | −1.22 to 1.16 |
| lnU5MR_mean | 0.10 | 0.73 | −0.45 to 0.64 |
| lnU5MR_demean | 0.42 | 0.36 | −0.47 to 1.31 |
| lnMMR_mean | 0.63 | 0.00 | 0.28 to 0.97 |
| lnMMR_demean | −0.56 | 0.17 | −1.35 to 0.24 |
| DTP3_mean | 0.30 | 0.59 | −0.80 to 1.41 |
| DTP3_demean | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.00 to 0.02 |
| fertility_mean | −0.07 | 0.45 | −0.26 to 0.12 |
| fertility_demean | −0.11 | 0.41 | −0.37 to 0.15 |
| Number of observations | 3475 | ||
| Number of countries | 143 | ||
The outcome variable is the natural log of DAHpc. The mean covariates gives the between-group (country) effect, while the demean covariates gives the within-group (country) effect.